Discussion
According to the phase diagram given below, the composition of the layer 'a' relative to the layer 'b' at point 'c' is :
Answer: B
The ratio is bc/ac (option B), by the lever rule.
On a temperature-composition diagram, when the overall composition c lies in the two-phase region, the mixture splits into the two layers whose compositions are a and b. The amounts of the two layers are in inverse ratio to the distances of their compositions from c:
\[ \frac{n_a}{n_b} = \frac{bc}{ac} \]
The nearer the point is to a, the more of layer a there is, so the quantity of layer a relative to layer b is the longer lever bc over the shorter ac. The stem words this as the composition of layer a relative to layer b, and the key takes it as this ratio of amounts. ac/bc is the inverse, and ab, the distance between the two layers, does not enter the ratio, so C and D are wrong. The diagram is hand drawn and marks a and b on the composition axis, so the distances are read as composition differences.
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