Discussion
A solution is prepared by adding 4 g of a substance to 46 g of ethanol. What is the mass percentage of the solute?
Answer: A
The mass percentage of the solute is 8%.
Mass percentage is the mass of solute divided by the mass of the whole solution, not of the solvent alone:
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{mass of solution} &= 4 + 46 = 50\ \text{g} \\ w\% &= \frac{4}{50} \times 100 = 8\% \end{aligned} \]
Dividing by the 46 g of ethanol gives about 8.7%, and 4% treats the 4 g as a share of 100 g. 10% and 12% have no basis in the data.
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