Discussion
For the equilibrium Fe(s) + H2O(g) ⇌ FeO(s) + H2(g), the number of components, phases and degrees of freedom are respectively :
Answer: A
The values are 3 components, 3 phases and 2 degrees of freedom.
There are four species, Fe, H2O, FeO and H2, linked by one equilibrium, so the number of components is C = 4 − 1 = 3. The phases are solid Fe, solid FeO and one gas phase containing H2O and H2, so P = 3. The phase rule gives
\[ F = C - P + 2 = 3 - 3 + 2 = 2 \]
Counting the two gases as separate phases (option B) is wrong, because gases always mix into one phase. Options C and D follow from miscounting P or F.
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