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Which of the following is a waste generated in the pulp and paper industry ?

  • A.Black liquor
  • B.Spentwash
  • C.Filter cake
  • D.All of the above

Answer: A

The pulp and paper waste is Black liquor.

In kraft pulping, wood chips are cooked in white liquor (sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide) to dissolve the lignin that binds the fibres. The spent cooking liquor, dark with dissolved lignin, is black liquor. It is the industry's main waste stream and is usually concentrated and burnt in a recovery boiler to regain chemicals and energy.

Spentwash is the effluent of molasses-based distilleries, and filter cake (press mud) is a residue of sugar mills. Since neither belongs to the paper industry, 'All of the above' is wrong.

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