Discussion
What does a k factor less than one mean?
Answer: A
Sub-refraction bends the ray less than usual or even upward, which on a profile appears as a more sharply curved earth and can put an obstacle into the path that was clear under normal conditions. Links are therefore checked for clearance at a low k value as well as at four thirds. Stronger downward bending is a large k, ducting is an extreme case of that, and a k of exactly one would be the no refraction case. Designing for the worst case of a varying parameter is what a clearance criterion does.
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