Discussion
What conditions favour the formation of a tropospheric duct?
Answer: D
A layer in which temperature rises with height or humidity falls sharply produces a steep refractivity gradient that traps the wave, and calm anticyclonic weather over water is the classic setting. Mixing destroys the gradient, uniformity gives no gradient at all, and wind disperses any layer that forms. Recognising the meteorological conditions that produce a propagation anomaly allows its occurrence to be forecast, which is what interference planning requires.
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