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What is an evaporation duct?

  • A.A shallow duct over the sea caused by the humidity gradient above the water
  • B.A duct formed when rain evaporates as it falls through dry air
  • C.A duct produced by the evaporation of dew from a land surface at dawn
  • D.A duct that forms and disperses within a few minutes over any surface

Answer: A

Air immediately above the sea is saturated while air a few metres higher is drier, so a steep humidity gradient produces a duct a few metres to a few tens of metres deep that is present over the ocean most of the time. It supports maritime radar and communication far beyond the horizon. Rain evaporation, dew and short lived structures are not the mechanism. A duct that is usually present rather than occasional changes from an anomaly into a design consideration.

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