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What does the log normal shadowing term in a mobile model represent?

  • A.The rapid fading caused by multipath as the mobile moves
  • B.The variation of loss with the time of day and the weather
  • C.The uncertainty in the model's own fitted coefficients
  • D.Variation of median loss from place to place at the same distance

Answer: D

Buildings and terrain make the local median loss vary about the model's prediction, and that variation is well described by a log normal distribution with a standard deviation of six to ten decibels. Coverage is then quoted for a percentage of locations. Fast fading is modelled separately as Rayleigh, weather is a minor factor at these frequencies, and model uncertainty is a different thing again. Splitting variability into components with distinct statistics is what allows each to be handled with the right mathematics.

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