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Why does wet foliage attenuate more than dry?

  • A.Wet leaves are physically larger than dry ones
  • B.Rain water on the leaves acts as a conducting screen
  • C.Water is lossy at microwave frequencies while dry wood is much less so
  • D.Water reflects the signal back towards the transmitter

Answer: C

Liquid water has a large loss tangent at microwave frequencies, so a wet canopy absorbs considerably more than the same canopy dry, and the effect can amount to several decibels on a short path through trees. Size change and screening are not the mechanism, and reflection is a minor contribution. That the same obstacle behaves differently according to the weather is a reminder that a path survey made in one condition may not describe another.

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