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What limits the range of a line of sight link over flat ground?

  • A.The bandwidth of the modulation being transmitted
  • B.The conductivity of the ground between the two antennas
  • C.The curvature of the earth and the antenna heights
  • D.The transmitter power available at the sending station

Answer: C

The horizon distance follows from the antenna heights and the effective earth radius, and beyond it the path is obstructed by the earth itself whatever the power. Raising the antennas is the only geometric remedy. Power affects the margin rather than the geometry, bandwidth affects the noise, and ground conductivity governs the surface wave rather than this mechanism. A limit set by geometry cannot be overcome by improving the equipment.

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