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What three quantities does the Beer-Lambert law relate absorbance to?

  • A.Refractive index, path length and wavelength
  • B.Molar absorptivity, path length and concentration
  • C.Wavelength, temperature and concentration
  • D.Source intensity, slit width and path length

Answer: B

Absorbance is the product of the molar absorptivity, the path length through the sample and the concentration, which is why doubling either the cell length or the concentration doubles the reading. Temperature and wavelength affect the absorptivity rather than appearing separately, and source intensity cancels in the ratio. That the law is a simple product of three terms is what makes it so easy to use and so easy to misuse when its assumptions fail. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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