Discussion
Under what condition does the Beer-Lambert law fail at high concentration?
Answer: B
At high concentration solute molecules are close enough to influence one another's electronic states, so the absorptivity is no longer a constant and the calibration curve bends towards the concentration axis. Path length is fixed by the cell, and detector saturation occurs at high transmittance rather than high concentration. A law derived on the assumption that absorbers act independently must fail when they stop doing so, and dilution is the remedy. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.
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