Discussion
What does a double-beam instrument compare?
Answer: C
A double-beam arrangement splits the light and passes half through the sample and half through a reference, comparing them continuously, so drift in the source or the detector affects both paths equally and cancels. Wavelength comparison, dual detectors and time comparison describe other techniques. Measuring a ratio rather than an absolute value is what makes an instrument immune to the drift of everything common to the two paths. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.
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