Discussion
The chemical shift of a proton in nuclear magnetic resonance arises from
Answer: A
Correct answer: shielding by the surrounding electrons
The electrons around a nucleus circulate in the applied field and generate a small opposing field, so the nucleus experiences slightly less than the applied strength and resonates at a slightly different frequency. The extent of that shielding depends on the electron density, and hence on the chemical environment - which is why the shift identifies the group. Coupling to neighbouring spins is the separate phenomenon that splits the signal.
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