Discussion
Match the technique with the transition it observes.
1. Ultraviolet spectroscopy 2. Infrared spectroscopy 3. Nuclear magnetic resonance
P. Molecular vibration Q. Electronic excitation R. Nuclear spin flip
Answer: C
Correct answer: 1-Q, 2-P, 3-R
The three techniques probe three different kinds of transition, in descending order of photon energy. Ultraviolet radiation promotes electrons between molecular orbitals. Infrared radiation, less energetic, excites vibrations. Radiofrequency radiation, less energetic still, flips nuclear spins in a magnetic field. The ordering follows directly from \( E = h\nu \) and the spacing of the corresponding energy levels.
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