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The essence of management in any field of human interaction is :

  • A.Coordination
  • B.Coexistence
  • C.Cooperation
  • D.Co-action

Answer: A

The essence of management is coordination.

Management brings together people, money, materials and methods to achieve common objectives. Writers such as Koontz and O'Donnell describe coordination, the harmonising of individual and group efforts towards those objectives, as the essence of management, because every managerial function, from planning to controlling, serves to coordinate.

Cooperation is the willingness of people to work together, which management must secure but which is not the same as deliberately harmonising effort. Coexistence and co-action describe merely being or acting alongside each other.

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