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Find the number of roots with positive real part for the system whose characteristic equation is \(s^5 + 6s^4 + 3s^3 + 2s^2 + s + 1 = 0\).

  • A.1
  • B.2
  • C.0
  • D.4

Answer: B

Apply the Routh array to \(s^5 + 6s^4 + 3s^3 + 2s^2 + s + 1\).


\[ \begin{array}{c|ccc} s^5 & 1 & 3 & 1 \\ s^4 & 6 & 2 & 1 \\ s^3 & 2.667 & 0.833 & \\ s^2 & 0.125 & 1 & \\ s^1 & -20.5 & & \\ s^0 & 1 & & \end{array} \]


The first column is \(1, 6, 2.667, 0.125, -20.5, 1\). The sign changes twice: from \(0.125\) to \(-20.5\) and from \(-20.5\) to \(1\). The number of sign changes equals the number of roots in the right half plane, so there are 2 roots with a positive real part, and the system is unstable. The answer is option B.

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