Discussion
The rise of the Arya Samaj and the Brahmo Samaj movements in India in the 19th century was a response to ...........................
Answer: D
The Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj were a response to the growing British presence in India and the British challenge to Hindu traditions.
Under colonial rule, Western education, Christian missionary criticism and British ideas of reason and reform challenged Hindu beliefs and practices. The Brahmo Samaj (founded by Raja Rammohun Roy in 1828) answered by reforming Hinduism along rational, monotheistic lines, and the Arya Samaj (founded by Dayananda Saraswati in 1875) by returning to the authority of the Vedas.
'British fundamentalism', 'British atheism' and 'British revivalism' are not historical forces these movements were responding to; the challenge came from colonial rule and its cultural and religious critique.
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