Discussion
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements. Statements: I) Some rats are bats. II) Some bats are cats. III) All cats are dogs. Conclusions: I) Some dogs are bats. II) Some cats are rats. III) Some dogs are rats.
Answer: A
Only conclusion I follows. All cats are dogs, and some bats are cats, so those bats that are cats are also dogs: some dogs are bats. Conclusion I is therefore forced by statements II and III.
Conclusion II says some cats are rats. The only link between rats and the rest is that some rats are bats, and some bats are cats, but the bats that are rats need not be the bats that are cats, so no overlap of cats and rats is guaranteed. Conclusion III, some dogs are rats, depends on the same missing link and does not follow either. That is why ‘Only conclusion I follows’ is right and the options with II or III are wrong.
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