Discussion
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
A. All ducks are cats.
B. All cats are lions.
C. Some lions are jungles.
Conclusions:
I. No lions are cats.
II. No cat is a duck.
III. All ducks are lions.
Answer: A
Only conclusion III follows. Statements A and B chain together as ducks ⊂ cats ⊂ lions, so every duck is a lion, which is exactly conclusion III. Conclusion I says no lion is a cat, but statement B makes every cat a lion, so there are lions that are cats (the cats themselves), and I is false. Conclusion II says no cat is a duck, but statement A makes every duck a cat, so some cats are ducks, and II is false. Statement C, that some lions are jungles, links to nothing else and decides none of the three conclusions. Only III is left, which is the first option.
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