Discussion
Sidewash at the fin refers to
Answer: C
Correct answer: Flow deflection altering the fin's sideslip
The wing and fuselage deflect the flow before it reaches the tail, so the fin does not meet the free-stream sideslip angle but a modified one. That deflection is sidewash, the lateral analogue of the downwash that alters the tailplane's angle of attack.
It generally reduces the local sideslip at the fin, so the fin's contribution is less than its area and arm alone would suggest, and the effect is written into the fin's contribution as a factor \( (1 - d\sigma/d\beta) \). Since sidewash depends on the wing and fuselage flow field, it varies with angle of attack - one reason directional stability is not constant through the flight envelope.
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