Discussion
Arrange these events leading to rudder lock:
1. Sideslip grows to a large angle
2. The fin stalls and its side force collapses
3. The rudder hinge moment reverses
4. The surface floats hard over against the stop
5. The pilot cannot recentre it with normal effort
Select the correct sequence.
Answer: B
Correct answer: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Each step causes the next. A large sideslip develops - typically after an engine failure or a control input at low speed. Beyond the fin's stall angle the flow separates and the side force collapses, so the restoring moment vanishes.
The separated flow over the rudder reverses its hinge moment, so instead of tending to centre, the surface is driven further over and floats hard against the stop. With the aerodynamic moment now acting the wrong way, the pilot cannot recentre it by normal effort, and the aeroplane is locked in the sideslip. A dorsal fin breaks the chain at step two by delaying the stall.
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