Discussion
__________ at the fin is the lateral flow deflection that alters its local sideslip angle.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Sidewash
Sidewash is the lateral deflection of the flow by the wing and fuselage before it reaches the fin, so that the fin meets a local sideslip angle smaller than the free-stream value.
It is the yawing-plane analogue of downwash, which alters the tailplane's angle of attack in the pitching plane, and it is written into the fin's contribution as a factor \( (1 - d\sigma/d\beta) \). Because the deflection depends on the wing and fuselage flow field, it changes with angle of attack - one reason directional stability is not constant across the envelope. Upwash and backwash describe different flow fields entirely.
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