Discussion
Rudder demands at critical conditions, in degrees.
| Condition | Rudder required | Travel available |
|---|---|---|
| Engine failure at minimum control speed | 20 | 25 |
| Crosswind de-crab at limit | 8 | 25 |
| Both together | 28 | 25 |
| Normal manoeuvring | 5 | 25 |
What does the third row show about certification?
Answer: C
Correct answer: The critical combination must be examined, not each case alone
Read the rows against the available travel of 25 degrees. Engine failure alone needs 20 degrees and a limiting crosswind de-crab needs 8, so each is satisfied on its own. Together they need 28 degrees, which exceeds the stop.
That is the lesson: a design can pass every case examined singly and still be unable to meet a combination that can actually occur. Certification therefore considers the critical combination, and where a combination exceeds the available travel the answer is a limitation - a reduced crosswind limit with an engine inoperative, for instance - rather than a claim that the design passes.
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