Discussion
Minimum control speeds and their basis.
| Speed | Condition tested | Controls permitted |
|---|---|---|
| Ground control speed | Engine failure during take-off roll | Rudder only |
| Air control speed | Engine failure just airborne | Rudder with limited bank |
| Landing control speed | Engine failure during approach | Rudder with limited bank |
| Stalling speed | Wing reaching maximum lift | Not a control speed |
Why is nosewheel steering excluded from the ground control speed?
Answer: A
Correct answer: The runway may be contaminated
\( V_{MCG} \) is established with aerodynamic controls alone because the nosewheel's cornering force cannot be relied upon: a wet, icy or otherwise contaminated runway may offer very little, and the published speed must remain valid on the day it is most needed.
The reasoning is the same conservatism that assumes the critical engine fails and the remaining engines are at take-off power. Nosewheel steering is fitted to essentially all transport aeroplanes and is used well above taxi speed, so neither of those options is the reason; and allowing it would give a lower speed that could not be relied on when the surface was poor.
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