Discussion
Directional and lateral stability can be designed independently. Is this correct?
Answer: A
Correct answer: No, sideslip excites both axes
The two cannot be separated because a single variable drives both. A sideslip disturbance produces a yawing moment through the fin and, through dihedral, sweep and the fin's height above the rolling axis, a rolling moment as well.
That coupling is what gives rise to the lateral-directional modes: Dutch roll, in which yaw and roll alternate, and the spiral mode, whose stability turns on the relative strength of the weathercock and dihedral effects. Removing dihedral does not uncouple them, since the fin's own side force still rolls the aeroplane, and the elevator acts in the pitching plane and is irrelevant to either.
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