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Downwash from the wing reduces the tailplane's effectiveness because

  • A.It increases the tail's area
  • B.It lowers the tail's local angle of attack below the aeroplane's
  • C.It increases the tail's local dynamic pressure
  • D.It moves the tail's aerodynamic centre

Answer: B

The tail sees the flow already deflected downward by the wing, so its incidence changes less than the aeroplane's does. The rate of change of downwash with angle of attack therefore appears directly in the stability expression.

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