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A conventional tailplane in trimmed level flight usually produces

  • A.An upward load equal to a third of the weight
  • B.No load at all
  • C.A sideways load
  • D.A downward load, which the wing must offset with extra lift

Answer: D

Correct answer: A downward load, which the wing must offset with extra lift

On a conventional layout the centre of gravity is ahead of the wing\'s aerodynamic centre, so the wing lift produces a nose-down moment that the tail must balance with a download. The wing then has to carry the weight plus that download, which raises the induced drag - the trim drag penalty of the conventional arrangement. A canard reverses this: its foreplane lifts upward and shares the weight, which is the aerodynamic argument in its favour.

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