Discussion
Statement I: Downwash reduces the tailplane's contribution to stability.
Statement II: The tail sees the flow already deflected downward by the wing.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Both are true and the second explains the first. The wing deflects the air downward behind it, so the tail meets the flow at a reduced angle. When the aeroplane pitches up by \( \Delta\alpha \), the downwash angle also grows, and the tail sees only \( \Delta\alpha(1 - \mathrm{d}\varepsilon/\mathrm{d}\alpha) \). With \( \mathrm{d}\varepsilon/\mathrm{d}\alpha \) commonly 0.3 to 0.5, the tail\'s contribution is cut by a third or more, which is why the term appears explicitly in the neutral point expression.
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