Discussion
Assertion (A): Downwash appears explicitly in the longitudinal stability expression.
Reason (R): It reduces the change in the tailplane's local angle of attack relative to the aeroplane's.
Select the correct answer from the options below.
Answer: B
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the link is direct. The tail contribution carries the factor \( (1-\mathrm{d}\varepsilon/\mathrm{d}\alpha) \), which is exactly the statement that the tail sees only part of the aeroplane’s change in incidence, because the wing’s downwash increases at the same time. Downwash appears explicitly in the expression precisely because it dilutes the tail’s effectiveness.
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