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Assertion (A): A canard configuration avoids the trim drag penalty of a tail download.

Reason (R): Its foreplane carries part of the weight rather than pushing downward.

Select the correct answer from the options below.

  • A.A is true but R is false
  • B.A is false but R is true
  • C.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  • D.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Answer: C

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Both are true and the reason is the cause. A conventional tail trims with a download, so the wing must generate that much lift again on top of the weight, and the induced drag of doing so is the trim drag penalty. A canard foreplane trims with an upload instead, carrying part of the weight and relieving the wing rather than adding to it.

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