Discussion
Consider N particles at temperature T, pressure P, volume V and chemical potential μ having energy E. The parameters that are kept constant for a canonical ensemble are
Answer: A
A canonical ensemble keeps N, V, T constant.
In the canonical ensemble each system has a fixed number of particles and a fixed volume, and exchanges energy with a large heat bath, so its temperature is fixed while its energy fluctuates. That is why the canonical partition function is \(Q = \sum e^{-E_{i}/kT}\) over states of given N and V.
Fixed N, V, E describes the microcanonical ensemble, an isolated system. Fixed N, P, T is the isothermal-isobaric ensemble, where the volume fluctuates. Fixed μ, V, T is the grand canonical ensemble, where particles as well as energy are exchanged.
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