Discussion
Consider an ensemble of thermodynamic systems, each of which is characterized by the same number of particles, pressure and temperature. The thermodynamic function describing the ensemble is
Answer: C
The function is the Gibbs free energy.
Each thermodynamic potential is natural to a particular set of fixed variables. With particle number N, pressure P and temperature T held fixed (the isothermal-isobaric ensemble), the potential that is minimised at equilibrium is \(G = H - TS\), with \(dG = -SdT + VdP + \mu dN\).
The Helmholtz free energy goes with fixed N, V, T (the canonical ensemble). Enthalpy is natural to fixed S and P, and entropy to fixed N, V, E (the microcanonical ensemble).
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