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Match each contribution to extreme still water level with its cause.
List I
A. Astronomical tide
B. Inverse barometer
C. Wind setup
D. Wave setup
List II
1. wind stress driving water against the coast
2. gravitational forcing by the moon and sun
3. momentum flux from waves breaking inshore
4. reduced atmospheric pressure over the sea

  • A.A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  • B.A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
  • C.A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
  • D.A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

Answer: B

The first three combine into the still water level used in design. Wave setup and runup are then added on top of that level. Keeping the terms distinct avoids double counting. Each is estimated by a quite separate method.

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