Discussion
Who propounded the 'Mandala Theory' of Interstate relations ?
Answer: B
The answer is Kautilya.
In the Arthashastra Kautilya describes the Mandala (circle of states). The ruler who seeks conquest, the vijigishu, stands at the centre; the state next to him is his natural enemy (ari), the one beyond that is a natural friend (mitra), and so on outward, with middle and neutral kings completing a circle of twelve. The theory treats neighbours as rivals and the neighbour's neighbour as an ally.
Valmiki composed the Ramayana, Manu is the lawgiver of the Manusmriti, and Shukra is credited with the Shukraniti, a later text on polity. None of them propounded the Mandala theory.
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