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Who rules .................... commands the heartlands. Who rules the heartland, commands the World Islands. Who rules World Island commands the World ?

  • A.Western Russia
  • B.Western Europe
  • C.East Europe
  • D.Central Europe

Answer: C

The missing words are East Europe.

The passage is Halford Mackinder's famous summary of his Heartland theory, from Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919): 'Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island; who rules the World-Island commands the world.' The Heartland was the vast interior of Eurasia, and East Europe was the gateway to it.

Western Russia is part of the Heartland itself, and Western and Central Europe lie outside the region Mackinder named as the key.

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