Discussion
A cylinder of length 'L' and diameter 'D' when subjected to a tensile stress parallel to L would be elongated in length, but the same time shortened in diameter and is expressed by :
Answer: B
The behaviour is expressed by Poisson's Ratio.
When a bar is stretched along its length it also contracts sideways. Poisson's ratio is the ratio of the lateral (transverse) strain to the longitudinal strain:
\[ \nu = -\frac{\Delta D / D}{\Delta L / L} \]
For most rocks it lies between about 0.2 and 0.35. The rigidity modulus relates shear stress to shear strain, tensile strength is the stress at which a material breaks in tension, and 'stretching constant' is not a standard elastic modulus, so none of them describes the paired lengthening and narrowing.
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