Discussion
The fastest and slowest stretching directions are fixed at ..................... to the shear plane for progressive simple shear.
Answer: A
In progressive simple shear the fastest and slowest stretching directions are at 45° to the shear plane.
The instantaneous stretching axes (ISA) of a steady simple shear flow are fixed in orientation, at 45° and 135° to the shear plane, one being the direction of fastest stretching and the other of fastest shortening. The finite strain ellipse starts parallel to them and then rotates towards the shear plane as strain accumulates.
An angle of 0° would put them in the shear plane and 90° normal to it, which describes neither direction. A range of 0 to 30° describes the rotating finite strain axis at large strain, not the fixed instantaneous axes.
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