Discussion
Act of God, wrongful act of third party, Plantiffs own default, Artificial work maintained for the common benefit of plantiff or defendant, and when it is the consequences of an act done under the authority of statute are the exception of :
Answer: B
These are the exceptions to strict liability.
Under the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher, a person who brings onto his land something likely to do mischief if it escapes is liable for the damage it causes. The recognised defences are act of God, the wrongful act of a third party, the plaintiff's own default, consent or works maintained for the common benefit of plaintiff and defendant, and statutory authority.
Absolute liability, laid down by the Supreme Court in M. C. Mehta v. Union of India (1987) for hazardous industries, allows none of these exceptions. Vicarious liability and tort in general are not defined by this list.
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