Discussion
An organic compound contains 40% C and 6.7% H2. What is the empirical formula of the compound?
Answer: B
The empirical formula is CH2O.
Take 100 g of the compound. The remainder after carbon and hydrogen, \(100 - 40 - 6.7 = 53.3\) g, is oxygen. Divide each mass by its atomic mass:
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{C}: \tfrac{40}{12} &= 3.33 \\ \text{H}: \tfrac{6.7}{1} &= 6.7 \\ \text{O}: \tfrac{53.3}{16} &= 3.33 \end{aligned} \]
Dividing by the smallest, 3.33, gives C : H : O = 1 : 2 : 1, so the formula is CH2O (as in formaldehyde, acetic acid and glucose). Ignoring the oxygen would give CH2, which is not offered; the 53.3% left over has to be oxygen.
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