Discussion
In this question, three Statements are given, followed by three Conclusions numbered I, II and III. Assuming the statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements : Some tables are birds.
No bird is pen.
All pens are hills.
Conclusions : I. Some hills are birds.
II. No hill is bird.
III. Some tables are pens.
Answer: C
The answer is Either conclusion I or II follows.
From 'No bird is pen' and 'All pens are hills', nothing definite follows about birds and hills: some hills may or may not be birds. So neither I ('Some hills are birds') nor II ('No hill is bird') follows by itself.
But I and II are a complementary pair about the same two terms: one says some hills are birds, the other that none is. Exactly one of them must be true, so the answer is 'either I or II'. Conclusion III ('Some tables are pens') does not follow, because the tables that are birds cannot be pens, and nothing is said about other tables.
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