Discussion
Consider the following three statements:
(i) Some roses are red.
(ii) All red flowers fade quickly.
(iii) Some roses fade quickly.
Which of the following statements can be logically inferred from the above statements?
Answer: C
The valid inference is If (i) and (ii) are true, then (iii) is true.
If some roses are red and all red flowers fade quickly, then those red roses fade quickly, so some roses fade quickly.
The other options try to infer something from a false premise, which does not work. If (ii) is false, some red flowers may still fade quickly, and other roses may too, so (iii) could be either true or false; neither "then (iii) is false" nor "then (iii) is true" follows. Likewise, if (i) and (ii) are both false, nothing is settled about whether some roses fade quickly.
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