Discussion

Consider the following pairs:

1. All roses are flowers : Some flowers are roses
2. Some students are athletes : All athletes are students
3. No cats are dogs : No dogs are cats.

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Answer: B

Only two pairs are correctly matched.

Each pair gives a statement and a conclusion drawn by converting it.

Pair 1: 'All roses are flowers' converts by limitation to 'Some flowers are roses'. Valid.
Pair 2: 'Some students are athletes' converts only to 'Some athletes are students'; it says nothing about all athletes. Invalid.
Pair 3: a universal negative converts simply: 'No cats are dogs' means 'No dogs are cats'. Valid.

So pairs 1 and 3 match and pair 2 does not.

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