Discussion
Statements:
(A) Some trees are not sharks.
(B) Some sharks are not balloons.
Conclusions:
I. All sharks are balloons.
II. All balloons are trees.
III. Some trees are balloons.
IV. Some trees are not sharks.
Answer: D
Only IV follows.
Conclusion IV, 'Some trees are not sharks', is statement (A) itself, so it follows.
The others do not. Statement (B) says some sharks are not balloons, which directly contradicts I, 'All sharks are balloons'. Nothing in the statements links balloons to trees, so neither II ('All balloons are trees') nor III ('Some trees are balloons') can be concluded. Two negative particular statements give no definite conclusion between trees and balloons.
I and III do not form an either-or pair, because they are not about the same two terms, so 'Only either I or III follows' is also wrong.
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