Discussion
Statements:
(A) Some gadgets are buffaloes.
(B) All buffaloes are witches.
Conclusions:
I. Some gadgets are witches.
II. Some witches are buffaloes.
III. All witches are buffaloes.
IV. Some buffaloes are witches.
Answer: A
Only I, II and IV follow.
I: some gadgets are buffaloes, and all buffaloes are witches, so those gadgets are witches. 'Some gadgets are witches' follows.
II and IV: 'All buffaloes are witches' gives 'Some buffaloes are witches' (IV) and, by conversion, 'Some witches are buffaloes' (II). Both follow.
III, 'All witches are buffaloes', reverses the universal statement, which is not allowed: there may be witches that are not buffaloes. 'Only I & II' leaves out IV, 'Only I & III' includes III, and II and III are not an either-or pair.
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