Discussion
In synchronous machine short pitch coil and distributed winding are used to
Answer: B
Short pitch coils and distributed windings are used to make the generator emf more sinusoidal.
Distributing the winding in several slots and short-chording the coils both reduce the harmonics in the generated emf: the coil emfs are slightly out of phase, which suppresses harmonics strongly, and a suitable short pitch can eliminate a chosen harmonic altogether. The result is a waveform much closer to a sine wave.
The price is a slight reduction in the fundamental emf, since the distribution and pitch factors are each a little less than one. So these measures do not increase the magnitude of the emf, which rules out the first and third options, and they reduce rather than increase the distribution factor.
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