Discussion
A synchronous machine whose field current has been set below the value the load requires will draw current at
Answer: B
Correct answer: a lagging power factor
An under-excited synchronous machine produces less excitation emf than the terminal voltage requires, so it must draw magnetising reactive power from the supply, exactly as an induction motor does, and the current lags. Over-excitation reverses this: the machine supplies reactive power and the current leads. The transition between them occurs at the excitation giving unity power factor, which is the minimum of the V-curve.
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