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Assertion (A): Introducing a marker nonterminal into a grammar can create a parsing conflict that was not present before.
Reason (R): The parser must decide to reduce the empty marker before it has seen the symbols that follow it.

  • A.A is false but R is true
  • B.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  • C.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • D.A is true but R is false

Answer: B

Both are true and the reason gives the mechanism, and it is a common surprise in practice. A grammar that generated cleanly may report a conflict as soon as a mid-rule action is added, because the action silently introduces such a marker.

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