Discussion
During the ground roll manoeuvre of an aircraft, the force(s) acting on it parallel to the direction of motion
Answer: D
The forces along the direction of motion are thrust, drag and a part of both weight and lift.
On the ground roll the aircraft is pushed forward by thrust and held back by aerodynamic drag, but also by rolling friction at the wheels. The friction force is \(\mu(W - L)\): it depends on the part of the weight not yet carried by the wing, so both weight and lift enter the force balance along the runway.
\[ m\frac{dV}{dt} = T - D - \mu(W - L) \]
Thrust alone or drag alone leaves out the opposing forces, and 'thrust and drag' leaves out wheel friction, which is what brings weight and lift into the horizontal balance.
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