Discussion
Which of the following is/are example(s) of stateful application layer protocols?
(i) HTTP
(ii) FTP
(iii) TCP
(iv) POP3
Answer: C
The stateful application layer protocols are (ii) and (iv) only, FTP and POP3.
A stateful protocol keeps session state between requests. FTP keeps the login, current directory and transfer mode for the life of the control connection. POP3 moves through states (authorization, transaction, update) and remembers which messages are marked for deletion.
HTTP is stateless: each request is independent, which is why cookies were added on top. TCP keeps connection state but is a transport layer protocol, not an application layer one, so options including (i) or (iii) are wrong.
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